INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - Volume 1 Isuue 2, Jan - June
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Study of Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of Children Aged 1-5 Years Attending a Tertiary Hospital
Author: V Nandhija Devi1, Kishore Narayan2, Balamma Sujatha2, Nazeem Fathima3, Rajesh S4, Santhosh Kumar T5
Category: Ubitech
Abstract:
Introduction: Anthropometric measures are clinical tools that help to identify the nutritional status of a child. Poor nutritional status of a child might be due to poor diet or due to repeated childhood infections.
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Keywords: : Anthropometry, Breastfeeding, HAZ, WAZ, Nutrition, Infection
DOI: 10.31782/IJCRR.2021.13517
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2021.13517
Full Text:
Anthropometry is the scientific study of body proportions. Anthropometric measures like weight, height and specific measures of Paediatric interest like mid-arm circumference and head circumference etc are clinical tools that help evaluate the physical health of an individual. In developing countries, growth deficits are caused by two preventable factors, inadequate food and infections.1,2 Anthropometry parameters like Height for age Z (HAZ) scores, Weight for age Z scores (WAZ), Weight for length/height Z scores and Mid arm circumference (MAC) can help to evaluate nutritional status as well as susceptibility to infections. These measures help in detecting both acute and chronic malnutrition.

values of anthropometric indicators are associated with a high risk of mortality as well as with a high incidence of a long duration of diarrhoea and other diseases among children.5, 6 Weight-for-height, height-for-age, and weight-forage are the primary means of assessing anthropometry as per WHO recommendations. By WHO definition Weightfor-Age reflects body mass relative to chronological age and the child is classified as normal or under-weight.7 Heightfor-Age reflects height relative to chronological age. Stunted growth reflects a failure to reach linear growth potential as a result of sub-optimal health or nutritional conditions and usually indicates chronicity.
Weight-for-Height reflects body mass relative to the height; it is a measure of acute or short term exposure to a negative environment. It is sensitive to calorie intake or the effects of the disease. Wasting is the first response to nutritional and/ or infectious insult. Mid upper arm circumference > 12.5cm is considered normal according to WHO guidelines for children aged 12 months to 60 months. A value <12.5cm is considered as moderate malnutrition and <11.5cm as severe malnutrition.
Since malnourished children are more susceptible to infectious processes and present a series of pathophysiological peculiarities, diagnosis, follow up and care/attention are of utmost importance to reduce the time of in-hospital treatment and morbidity and mortality rates. The government of India has launched multiple programs to combat childhood malnutrition like, antenatal care under national health mission, promotion of institutional deliveries, universal immunization, promotion of exclusive breast feeding, dietary supplements by way of Balwadi and Integrated Child Development Services ICDS. This study was undertaken to find the nutritional status of children at present and see if the programs have had a positive effect on childhood nutrition.8
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