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  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>developer</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>International journal of Information Technology</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN/>
      <EISSN>n</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>volume 1 issue 5</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>june-july 2019</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Medicinal Article</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Evaluating Antiphospolipid Antibodies as contributors to Thrombotic Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Enugu, Nigeria</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>236</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>243</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Agwu O</FirstName>
          <LastName/>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Nwagha T</FirstName>
          <LastName/>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Anyim</FirstName>
          <LastName>O</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI>10.4314/jcm.v23i2.1</DOI>
      <Abstract>Background: Vascular thrombotic events complicates uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Antiphospholipid antibodies can cause vascular thrombosis. These present a __doublequotosingdouble hit__doublequotosing of thrombotic events in T2DM. They also affect disease management and prognosis.&#13;
&#13;
Aim: To check serum levels of lupus anti-coagulant (LA) and immunoglobulin Beta - 2 - glycoprotein-1- anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG-B2GPI ACA) in Type 2 DM patients.&#13;
&#13;
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. We recruited 140 Type 2 DM patients and 70 healthy control subjects. The study centre was the diabetic clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching hospital. Assays for serum levels of LA and IgG__ampersandsignbeta;2GPI-ACA in the subjects were done. UNTH__ampersandsign#39;s institutional ethics committee IEC approved the study.&#13;
&#13;
Results: Prevalence of LA in complicated, uncomplicated T2DM and healthy control subjects were 7.1%, 4.3%,43%. The prevalence of IgG-__ampersandsignbeta;2GP1-ACAwas 4.3% for all the groups. The risk ratio of developing LA__ampersandsign IgG-B2GPI ACA in uncomplicated T2DM patients were 1.3 (95% CI: 0.37- 4.9) and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.20 - 4.78). The RR of complicated T2DM developing LA __ampersandsign IgG-B2GPI ACA 1.67(95% CI: 0.4-6.7) and 1.72 (95% CI: 0.39-7.48). Correlation analysis of LA, IgG-B2GPI-ACAand the presence of vascular complications in T2DM was not significant. P&gt;0.05. Conclusion: There is no causal relationship between APLS antibodies levels and vascular complications in T2DM.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Antiphospholipid antibodies, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Vascular thrombosis</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://developer.ubipayroll.com/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=6209&amp;title=Evaluating Antiphospolipid Antibodies as contributors to Thrombotic Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Enugu, Nigeria</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>1.Bick RL. Antiphospholipid thrombosis syndromes. HematolOncolClin North Am 2003; 17 (1): 115 - 147. 2. Ricardo Forastiero. Antigen specificity of Antiphospholipid syndrome - related antiphospholipid antibodies. The Open Autoimmunity Journal 2010; 2:21 - 27 3. Nojima J, Kuratsune H, Suetisa E, FutsukaichiY, Yamanishi H, Machii T et al. Association between and;beta;2-glycoprotein I, prothrombin, protein C, protein S and annexin V in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombotic and thrombocytopenic complications. Clin Chem 2001; 47: 1008 - 1015. 4. Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, Cervera R, et al. International consensus statement on the update of the classification criteria for the definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J. ThrombHaemost 2006; 4: 295- 306. 5.Shahim M, EL-Diasty MA, Mabed M. Anticardiolipin antibodies in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: An additional risk factor. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 2009; 23: 165-169. 6. Erkan D, Barbhaiya M, Georgy D, Sammaritano L, Lockshin M. Moderate versus High titerpersistentlyanticardiolipin antibody-positive patients: are they clinically different and does high titer anti-beta 2- glycoprotein -1 antibody positivity offer additional predictive information? Lupus 2010; 19: 613 - 619. 7. Keeling D, Mackie I, Moore GW, Greer IA, Greaves M. British Committee For standards in Haematology. Guidelines on the investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome. Br J Haematol 2012; 157: 47 -58. 8. Ricardo Forastiero. Antigen specificity of Antiphospholipid syndrome - related antiphospholipid antibodies. The Open Autoimmunity Journal 2010; 2:21 - 27.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
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